Early on Friday morning, the beginning of Bangladesh’s weekend, 15-year-old Sania Mahabub Moon and members of her household travelled into Dhaka from a close-by village to spend their relaxation day sweeping roads.
They had been amongst a whole bunch of college pupils, college students and volunteers now managing the streets of Bangladesh’s capital following the sudden collapse of the autocratic regime of prime minister Sheikh Hasina, who fled the nation on Monday after weeks of anti-government protests.
With police in hiding for worry of retributive violence, kids and college college students are cleansing and repainting Dhaka’s streets with revolutionary slogans, pulling over vehicles for inspection and even guarding Sheikh Hasina’s ransacked official residence, the place stray canine now wander by the flattened vegetable backyard.
“Our nation has been destroyed,” Sania stated, as she swept a thoroughfare in central Dhaka, the center of an city space of greater than 20mn individuals. “We wish to construct it once more.”
Following their gorgeous success, college students have launched into a utopian challenge to rework Bangladesh, a rustic of 170mn that’s the world’s second-largest clothes exporter and a strategic associate to India, China and the US.
A brand new interim authorities led by Nobel Peace Prize-winning economist Muhammad Yunus together with scholar leaders and civil society members took cost on Thursday. They’ve vowed to reform establishments, finish corruption and revive Bangladesh’s economic system.
“We don’t need the form of fascism practised by Sheikh Hasina to ever return,” stated 25-year-old Dhaka College linguistics scholar Asif Mahmud, a member of the brand new authorities. “We wish the structure and different establishments that had been compromised below Sheikh Hasina to be restored. We wish reforms and insurance policies based mostly on analysis . . . We wish to carry a system the place whoever involves energy should be accountable.”
Forward of his set up as interim chief, Yunus stated the federal government would transfer forward on “no matter path our college students present us”.
But for all the scholars’ giddy enthusiasm, they face huge challenges in implementing their lofty imaginative and prescient and a few specialists assume they’re doomed to fail — on the danger of plunging the nation into much more chaos.
Since Sheikh Hasina fled, Bangladesh has suffered an alarming breakdown in regulation and order, with greater than 230 reported killed by Wednesday night. The nation’s once-celebrated economic system is in disaster. And, as state establishments are purged of loyalists to Sheikh Hasina’s Awami League, rival events such because the Bangladesh Nationalist occasion are regrouping for a bid for energy that some college students worry will solely lengthen the cycle of revenge.
“Professor Yunus is absolutely sitting on very unsteady floor, nevertheless noble the concepts could also be,” stated Mahfuz Anam, the editor of main newspaper The Each day Star. “There must be amendments to the structure, there must be a restoration of stability of energy between the legislative, government and judiciary . . . Title an establishment, it has been politicised.”
Yunus stated his first precedence was to revive public security and stop “anarchy”. With police absent and the army overstretched, a whole bunch of prisoners have damaged out of jail and felony gangs roam the capital at night time.
Minorities, significantly Hindus who make up about 8 per cent of the inhabitants, have been attacked and a whole bunch have tried to flee into neighbouring Hindu-majority India.
Protesters, livid after years of repression below the Awami League, burnt down police stations, companies belonging to occasion members and symbols of the regime, together with a museum within the former residence of Sheikh Hasina’s father, slain independence chief Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
The central Dhaka museum is now a blackened shell, its flooring plagued by ash and damaged glass. Crowds discover it with morbid curiosity, taking images of wreckage that features a smashed tile mosaic of Sheikh Mujibur.
Sheikh Hasina “ended up being a dictator”, stated Farhan Alam, a 20-year-old enterprise scholar as he wandered across the gutted constructing. “However burning down her father’s home was improper. I’m pleased that we lastly received freedom from dictatorship, however I’m unhappy about what occurred right here.”
Sheikh Hasina, who was the world’s longest-serving feminine chief, claimed to have turbocharged Bangladesh’s financial progress with infrastructure and different improvement tasks.
However her critics blamed her authorities for extrajudicial killings, rigged elections and rampant corruption. She stacked establishments from the judiciary to school administrations with Awami League loyalists and persecuted the BNP, with whom her occasion for many years traded energy in a corrosive and infrequently bloody rivalry that undermined democracy.
Economists have additionally accused Sheikh Hasina’s authorities of exaggerating the dimensions of exports to masks the extent of the nation’s monetary disaster. Bangladesh was pressured to attraction for IMF assist in 2022 to stabilise falling reserves, inflation and unemployment.
In style anger got here to a head after authorities ordered a crackdown on college students who final month started protesting in opposition to a controversial job quota scheme, triggering an rebellion in opposition to her regime.
The protest leaders see Yunus, who based the pioneering microfinance lender Grameen Financial institution and was hated by Sheikh Hasina as a possible rival, as their finest guess to show Bangladesh round.
“Dr Yunus has a worldwide standing as a dependable and trustworthy character,” stated Manzur Al Matin, a Supreme Court docket lawyer who represented the protesters. “He’s recognized to be a superb administrator [and] we want somebody who can have a direct hyperlink with western powers in addition to the worldwide group.”
However time will not be on Yunus’s aspect. Some specialists argue elections have to be held inside 90 days of Tuesday’s dissolution of parliament and the BNP — the possible favourites because it stands — are calling for a swift vote.
This has arrange a possible stand-off. Advisers to Yunus’s interim authorities insist they want extra time to place in place institutional safeguards to finish Bangladesh’s poisonous political cycle and defend it from future autocracy. Analysts say historical past means that, with out checks and balances, the BNP might show little higher than the Awami League.
“If you happen to simply soar into elections, then you definitely’ll simply be changing one occasion with one other occasion,” stated Syeda Rizwana Hasan, a distinguished lawyer and one other new authorities member. “That’s not the intention . . . We’ve seen that many instances.”
For Dhaka’s college students, this week’s rebellion was solely step one of their self-styled revolution. But even probably the most sanguine are effectively conscious of the enormity of the duty.
“We’ve put our belief within the interim authorities,” stated Amina Akhtar, a 25-year-old serving to directing site visitors at a Dhaka intersection. “However we’re frightened that if one other authorities comes, there gained’t be any reforms and the identical issues will occur once more . . . We should rebuild this nation.”
