Introduction
In the event you’re on the lookout for proof to assist some political, ideological, or spiritual place whereas finding out historical past, you’ll most likely discover it if you wish to badly sufficient. The clues are all there, and it’s all too tempting to prioritize some clues over others or interpret some clues extra broadly than others with a view to promote a sure worldview. At any time when I research the Jewish Query, I attempt to keep away from this temptation by setting goal requirements forward of time, after which standing by these requirements to see whether or not the mainstream Jewish narrative or the dissident counter narrative is extra truthful. I had such requirements in thoughts when opening Between Dignity and Despair, a research of Jewish life in Nazi Germany written in 1998 by Marion Kaplan and revealed by Oxford College Press.
At stake here’s what’s nearly all the time at stake when mainstream lecturers write about Nazi Germany. The Nazis should be confirmed, time and time once more, to be irredeemably evil and irrational. That is essentially the most expedient manner to make sure that the White inhabitants of Europe be as open as attainable to Jewish affect shifting ahead. Sadly for Whites, this additionally necessitates their behaving in maladaptive and dysgenic methods, as a result of sturdy, wholesome, racially conscious Whites will compete with Jews as Jews, realizing full properly the positives and negatives that Jews brings to any nation they inhabit. Thus, opinions on Nazi Germany—to say the least—are essential.
However the query stays, have been the Nazis evil and irrational? Kaplan appears to assume so, and makes her case with a plethora of memoirs and letters written by Jews who lived in Germany through the Nazi interval—which for argument’s sake I’ll assume are truthful. Nonetheless, I discovered Between Dignity and Despair extremely unconvincing.
What are my requirements?
- That Nazi therapy of German Jews was roughly affordable given the encircling historic circumstances;
- That Nazi therapy of German Jews throughout wartime should be measured with a distinct yardstick than throughout peacetime;
- That German Jews certainly suffered, however their struggling was roughly commensurate with gentile struggling in Germany and the disproportionately Jewish-run Soviet Union.
I started Between Dignity and Despair considering that if Kaplan can supply sufficient historic proof to disprove these requirements, then she’s going to vindicate the mainstream narrative of Nazi Germany. The issue I encountered instantly, nonetheless, is that Kaplan doesn’t even strive to do that. She is what the lit critics would name an unreliable narrator, in that she is just not in in the least within the German perspective until that German perspective is philo-Semitic. This causes her to omit sufficient data to not be fully trusted.
This isn’t to say her work is with out advantage. Between Dignity and Despair is a readable and coherent account of day-to-day Jewish life in Nazi Germany—distaff-skewed however fascinating in its element and spectacular scope. However as an indictment of the Nazis, it’s exceedingly weak.
Kaplan As Unreliable Narrator
Kaplan opens her research by asking the apparent however vital questions:
What did it really feel prefer to be a Jew in Nazi Germany? What sort of Jewish life was there in Germany after 1933? Why did German Jews not go away sooner? What did non-Jewish Germans do, and what did they know?
In answering these questions, Kaplan presumes the existential innocence of Germany Jewry, in addition to the basic Jewish proper to entry gentiles. In different phrases, Jews have the suitable to exclude gentiles from their communities, however by no means the opposite manner round. Extra to the purpose of the ebook, she makes an attempt to argue that the “social demise” inflicted upon the Jews in Nazi Germany led inevitably to their bodily demise after which to the genocide of the Jews of Europe. She additionally makes an attempt to clarify why so many Jews by no means left Germany through the leadup to battle. Kaplan has such contempt for racially conscious Germans at the moment that she refers to them as “Aryan,” all the time in scare quotes. This contempt leads her to omit extraordinarily essential data which might assist clarify why Germany turned so inhospitable to Jews through the Nazi interval.
Kaplan begins with the identical blind spot present in Edwin Black’s The Switch Settlement, first revealed in 1983—specifically, that the German boycott of Jewish companies in 1933 and the later financial repression of German Jews was not a justifiable retaliation to the worldwide Jewish boycott of Germany, which was then devastating a German financial system already crippled by the Nice Despair. After all it was. Not less than Black discusses the Jewish anti-German boycott. Kaplan doesn’t even do this, and easily depends upon the ignorance of her readership by assuming that the anti-Jewish boycott, like all anti-Jewish measures from the time, sprang solely from the black hearts of gentiles.
One other blind spot is the demonstrable connection between Jews and communism. This had confirmed catastrophic in Russia in 1917 and continued to be so through the Thirties, as was well-known in Germany on the time. This connection turned evident in Hungary a couple of years later beneath the repressive rule of Béla Kun, and likewise almost engendered a German Soviet republic in 1918 when Kurt Eisner and a clique of Jewish intellectuals tried a violent revolution in Bavaria. Have been the Germans alleged to neglect about this? Kaplan appears to assume so since, early in her work, she makes an attempt to drum up sympathy for the communist Jews of Germany after the Nazis fairly rightfully cracked down on them:
Jews jailed as communists—whether or not the cost was true or false—had essentially the most to dread. They have been accused of “making ready for prime treason.” Recha Rothschild, a member of the Communist Celebration, shortly destroyed her information in February 1933. She fled her house, returning to it (on the finish of March) after the SA had stormed in, stolen her belongings, and shredded all of her books and papers. She hid however was caught and charged with being a courier for the Communist Celebration, though there was no exhausting proof towards her. The Reich courtroom declared the proof too flimsy, however the Prussian courtroom, beneath Nazi management, sentenced Rothschild to 2 years in jail. There, amongst political prisoners, criminals, and prostitutes, her well being deteriorated dangerously. Spitting up blood, she nonetheless refused “to drop useless for the Nazis.”
Not admitting what a deadly menace communism was to European nations on the time, and never placing the above sob story (and others prefer it) in perspective of the Jewish-run Soviet gulag system ought to make any discerning reader mistrust Marion Kaplan. Her credibility diminishes even additional when she proclaims that most of the Jews whom the Nazis oppressed all through the Thirties have been patriotic Germans. She can not have it each methods. One can not cry crocodile tears over Jewish communists—anti-patriots in idea and follow—after which count on readers to imagine within the true-blue loyalty of German Jews. And that’s too dangerous, as a result of I’m positive many German Jews have been patriots, particularly those who fought within the First World Conflict. However when culling her sources, Kaplan not often clarifies when a selected Jew was attacked, arrested, or repressed as a result of he was Jewish or as a result of he was a communist troublemaker or for another completely reputable purpose. It’s as if she has one thing to cover.
One other egregious omission is Kaplan’s retelling of the German mass deportation of Polish Jews in October 1938. Not solely does she describe it as a horror present of privation and terror as evil Nazis swooped down upon helpless Jews of their properties and herded them off to the hinterland, however she neglects to say the superbly legitimate the explanation why the Germans have been deporting Polish Jews within the first place. Based on David Hoggan in The Pressured Conflict, Poland was striving to rid itself of its Jews and declared in October 1938 that Polish Jews residing in Germany would develop into stateless until they returned to Poland to get their passports validated, which the Polish authorities was stopping them from doing—at bayonet level. This was an egregious try and dump undesirable residents onto a neighboring nation, and compelled the Germans to reply by way of deportations—which was their proper, provided that the Polish Jews weren’t German residents. Based on Hoggan, the Germans handled these deportees fairly properly.
The German authorities took nice pains to behave with out guilt or blame. They organized the transport of Polish Jews with nice care, they usually made sure that the vacationers had good services, together with loads of area and ample good meals. The story advised years later by the American journalist. William Shirer, about “Jews deported to Poland in boxcars” beneath brutal circumstances, was clearly fictitious. The primary trains handed the border to Polish stations earlier than the Poles have been ready to cease them. After that, the unbelievable occurred. Though the final day for issuance of the stamps was not till October twenty ninth, and the brand new exclusion coverage was not scheduled to take impact till October thirtieth, and Polish border police tried to forestall the Jews from getting into Poland. The Germans had made no preparation for this growth, and shortly 1000’s of Polish Jews have been pouring into a couple of small border cities in Higher Silesia and elsewhere.
Kaplan doesn’t inform her readership that the Germans have been prepared to have the Polish Jews re-enter Germany—however solely after getting their passports validated of their recalcitrant house nation. She doesn’t reveal that the Poles retaliated by deporting massive variety of German Poles again into Germany. She additionally doesn’t admit that many of those Polish Jews did certainly return to Germany and really most well-liked it there, at the same time as late as eleven months earlier than the battle.
In a second of sheer dishonesty, Kaplan ascribes “despair” as Herschel Grynszpan’s motive to assassinate German diplomat Ernst vom Rath on November 7, 1938 in Paris. This famously set off the violent Kristallnacht pogrom days later. Upon studying that his mother and father and sister have been being held close to the Polish border with different deportees, Grynszpan took vom Rath’s life in an act of revenge. Kaplan makes this appear affordable, but fails to say that Grynszpan was a “syphilitic degenerate,” in accordance with Hoggan, who was needed by the French police. She additionally doesn’t point out that the postcard Grynszpan acquired from his deported household didn’t embody any complaints concerning their therapy by the Germans.
One other sin of omission is Kaplan’s recapitulation of Adolf Hitler’s well-known Reichstag speech of January30, 1939, which she claimed “ended with the ominous prophesy that this battle wouldn’t see the ‘Bolshevization of the earth and thus the victory of Jewry, however the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe.’” What she neglects to say is that this was not prophesy on the a part of Hitler, however a warning for the Allies to not declare battle on Germany, which given Poland’s abusiveness in direction of Germany and its personal German minority, that they had no ethical purpose to do.
Contradicting Edwin Black
Worst of all for my part is Kaplan’s close to full blackout of the Switch Settlement, in any other case known as the Haavara Switch, during which Nazi Germany labored with Zionist Jews to pave the way in which for German-Jewish emigration to Palestine all through the Thirties. Based on Kaplan, the Nazi authorities urged Jews to to migrate, but set impediments which made it extraordinarily troublesome for them to take action.
The Nazis created one other main impediment by proscribing the quantity of forex and property Jews might take with them. The plunder of Jewish property was half and parcel of all emigration proceedings. The Nazis “pressured Jews to depart the nation, however the privilege of leaving was costly.” The Reich Flight Tax (Reichsfluchtsteuer), a stringent property tax on émigrés, threatened to impoverish potential emigrants. First handed by the Brüning authorities in 1931 to forestall capital flight, the Nazis raised it to punitive heights for emigrating Jews. In all, the German treasury might have collected as a lot as 900 million marks from the Reich Flight Tax alone. Many individuals needed to promote all their belongings merely to pay this one tax. Gerdy Stoppleman, for instance, despatched her husband, not too long ago launched from Sachsenhausen focus camp, forward to England whereas she stayed behind to pay the tax: “To have the ability to pay the . . . tax I offered our furnishings, invaluable work and carpets . . . all filth low cost. Many a house of true Aryans, SA, and SS turned exceedingly properly furnished.”
In different phrases, both materials possessions and wealth meant extra to German Jews than their very lives, or Jewish life in Nazi Germany earlier than the battle wasn’t fairly as dangerous Kaplan alleges.
Kaplan’s characterization of the Reich Flight Tax can also be exaggerated, provided that Black in The Switch Settlement locations it at 25 %—steep, however not prohibitive. The scheme, which was truly inspired by the Nazis, concerned one putting one’s Reichsmarks in a frozen checking account, the place they have been often known as sperrmarks. From there, Black lays all of it out:
In follow, then, if a German citizen determined to to migrate, he would unload all his belongings, realizing, say, RM 100,000, equal to $33,000. That total RM 100,000 could be deposited right into a blocked account, and robotically endure a 25 % Flight Tax. Of the RM 75,000 that remained, the emigrant could be allowed to take with him only some hundred reichsmarks, which might be transformed to francs, {dollars}, or no matter forex was wanted to fulfill immigrant entry necessities. The emigrant would then personal just below RM 75,000 in a blocked German account he might now not spend. Earlier than departing Germany, he would go to financial institution and supply to promote his sperrmarks to the very best bidder. A international purchaser could be discovered, providing maybe RM 60,000 for the 75,000 sperrmarks, paying with the equal in international forex from a international checking account. If agreed, the 2 would merely swap financial institution accounts. Thus, the international purchaser would buy RM 75,000 marks for the international equal of RM 60,000. And the emigrant would have efficiently transferred his cash out of Germany, albeit at a lack of about 20 % after reductions to the client and financial institution commissions.
Not solely this, however Black studies on a shady capitalist schemer named Sam Cohen who, for a time not less than, streamlined this switch settlement to allow Jews to expedite their emigration. And the Nazis have been fortunately complicit given how this plan concerned middlemen promoting German items overseas—which helped Germany endure the boycotts towards them.
After all, it was by no means simple. I’m positive there have been fairly a couple of German Jews who needed to get out and couldn’t for some purpose or one other—and sometimes due to international restrictions, not German ones. Exceptions must be made for the aged who couldn’t handle arduous journey and weren’t needed in international international locations in any case. And granted, it received harder to to migrate as battle continued to develop on the horizon. Based on Kaplan, the international trade price for émigré Jews described above dropped to 4 % by 1939, an astonishingly low determine not repeated by Black and never clearly footnoted by Kaplan. However by focusing extra on these Jews who couldn’t or wouldn’t go away, and never the 60,000 who reestablished themselves in Palestine through the Thirties because of the Nazi-Zionist switch settlement (so say nothing of the 200,000-plus different Jews who escaped elsewhere), Kaplan reveals her anti-German bias. At one level, she by the way mentions how a German-Jewish lady discovered the way to be a corsetiere in Palestine when visiting her sister for 3 months. If Nazi Germany was the terrorist state she repeatedly claims, why did the girl come again?
Maybe as a result of, as Edwin Black writes, “German Jews merely didn’t wish to go away.”
Assessing the Oppression Earlier than the Conflict
Kaplan’s heartfelt—if openly partisan—therapy of Jewish life earlier than the battle advantages from a wealthy choice of supply materials. She shares the statements, recollections, and experiences of German Jews from all walks of life, though she focuses totally on ladies and ladies. These serious about Jewish historical past, particularly on this notably troublesome chapter in Jewish life, will profit significantly from her analysis and compilation. And Jews did endure significantly in Germany within the Thirties when in comparison with the previous Weimar Republic. I don’t want to downplay any of that. But when Kaplan’s metapolitical objectives should not merely to doc the dignity and despair of Jews in Nazi Germany but additionally to prejudiciously denounce Nazis as inherently immoral human beings, I need to. There are ranges to this. There’s struggling, and there may be struggling. Do Kaplan’s hapless topics evaluate in any technique to the tens of millions of Whites who suffered on the identical time beneath the boot of the communists within the largely-Jewish managed Soviet Union? No, they don’t. They’re not even shut.
Due to the Nuremberg legal guidelines of 1935, the official indignities that peaceable and presumably non-communist Jews needed to endure inside Nazi Germany included racial segregation, anti-Jewish discrimination, and their near-complete elimination from mainstream German life. “Social demise,” in different phrases—the sort of ostracism that Jews at present drive upon White identitarians in every single place. Based on Hitler in his January 1939 Reichstag speech, Jews dominated many main positions in German life and have been harming Germany and making it much less German. The Nuremburg legal guidelines have been an try and rectify this. Unofficially, nonetheless, this sea change led to a wide selection of abuses which have been heaped on the unlucky German Jews. These included: insults, intimidation, beatings, boycotts, property confiscations, denunciations, social isolation, and varied sorts of humiliations. With a inhabitants of 80 million, in fact there have been some unstable people who dedicated violence upon harmless Jews or who have been unscrupulous sufficient to benefit from them. This form of factor was sure to occur. And with their authorities formally recognizing Jews as second-class residents, Jews primarily had no alternative however to endure or go away.
But, life went on.
All through the primary half of the ebook, Kaplan complains about damage emotions, loneliness, and broken vanity. A lot of her attraction is emotional that Between Dignity and Despair reads at occasions like a cleaning soap opera. However as I as soon as introduced up in an essay entitled “The Woody Allen Fallacy,” it is senseless to complain concerning the low high quality of one thing, after which complain additional that you just don’t get sufficient of it. If the Nazis have been so evil, why have been German Jews so crestfallen after they couldn’t affiliate with them?
For single folks, social life exterior of the household community turned more and more troublesome from 1933 by way of 1938 until they have been younger sufficient and sufficient to hitch a Jewish youth group. One younger lady with out household connections sought human contact after a tough day’s work. Lonely, she went to cafés within the night and sat in a nook, studying. “I might have liked to hitch in” the dancing, she wrote, however she feared the attainable repercussions.
Kaplan goes on for pages like this. She expects us maintain a pity celebration for German Jews who should “move” for German, or be pressured to take heed to speeches by Hitler and Goebbels, or cope with kids throwing stones, or resign themselves to careers as seamstresses and nannies as a substitute of pediatricians and scientists—in the meantime within the Soviet Union, the Jew Lazar Kaganovich was deporting over 1 / 4 million Cossacks to Sibera, and the Jew Naftaly Frenkel was making certain the deaths of 200,000 souls through the development of the Belomar Canal, and the Jew Matvei Berman was overseeing the slave labor of political prisoners in his huge gulag system, and the Jew Genrikh Yagoda as chief of the NKVD was ordering the deaths of tens of millions through the Nice Terror, and the Jew Filipp Goloshchyokin was collectivizing Kazakhstan and inflicting a famine answerable for the deaths of over one million folks.
As the children prefer to say, cry me a river.
Based on Kaplan, the one time the Nazis ever approached this stage of injustice through the pre-war years was when, in 1938, the Gestapo imprisoned and deported an unspecified variety of “international Jews” after which initiated its “June Motion” during which 1,500 Jewish males deemed “anti-social” have been despatched to focus camps till they might show that they have been able to to migrate. Then there was Kristallnacht—Kaplan calls it the November Pogrom—which took round 100 Jewish lives and triggered a number of hundred million marks of harm. After this, the Nazis imprisoned some 30,000 Jewish males in focus camps, once more till they might show their readiness to to migrate.
And that’s about it, of us—dangerous, positive, however beginner hour in comparison with Stalin’s Jewish hangmen over within the Soviet Union through the pre-war interval.
Regardless of this taking place through the Nice Despair, Kaplan makes little effort to match Jewish struggling to gentile struggling, which we all know was large, particularly within the early Thirties. She doesn’t deign to deliver up the 850,000 Germans—a lot of whom have been kids—who died from malnutrition because of the Allied blockade through the First World Conflict. She doesn’t point out how Germans needed to cope with humiliations of their very own because of the Treaty of Versailles. She doesn’t point out how this Treaty separated tens of millions of Germans from their homeland and compelled them to reside as second-class residents exterior of Germany. The worst offender right here was Poland, whose discriminatory therapy of its German minority all through the Thirties rivaled Germany’s therapy of Jews throughout the identical interval. She additionally doesn’t discover how the Nazis had reversed the corruption and degeneracy of the Weimar interval, which German Jews have been disproportionately answerable for. The Nazis had additionally engineered Germany’s miraculous restoration from the Despair.
Thus, the Nazis have been good for Germans. However does this matter to Kaplan? Under no circumstances. For Kaplan, all that issues is whether or not one thing is sweet for Jews. The truth is, she appears to evaluate Germans solely by their xenophilia. A German is a “good” German provided that he resisted the Nazis and was pleasant to Jews. If a German made altruistic sacrifices for his German household, buddies, or nation, that was of irrespective of in any respect.
Assessing the Oppression Through the Conflict
For these fully blind to the peacetime atrocities dedicated by the Soviet Union, Kaplan’s wartime chapters are her most convincing. She is an in a position author, and so lays out her case in a fascinating matter, particularly contemplating that anti-Jewish oppression and abuse in Germany elevated significantly after the battle commenced. She shows her fetish for feminism slightly extra in these chapters as properly.
Based on Kaplan, Jews have been prohibited from emigrating by 1941. That they had their radios confiscated and have been banned from all public welfare by 1939. Additionally in 1939, German landlords got permission to evict Jewish tenants for any purpose. As soon as the battle started Jews have been positioned beneath curfew, banned from public transportation, suffered the lack of many civil rights, and endured extra stringent meals rationing than peculiar Germans. Starvation turned an actual downside for a lot of of them. Jews additionally turned topic to often-violent spot checks by the Gestapo and have been crammed into overcrowded Judenhäuser. By 1940, they weren’t allowed to personal telephones or to buy clothes. Because of this, many went into hiding.
Even worse was the pressured labor in factories, farms, and different locations. Kaplan writes how this usually consisted of ten-hour days of backbreaking labor beneath soiled and dismal circumstances. I’ve little question that a lot if not all of what Kaplan presents on that is true. Since when is pressured labor throughout wartime something aside from horrible? Regardless of this, nonetheless, Jews have been nonetheless getting paid for his or her efforts, not like their Soviet counterparts within the gulags above the Arctic Circle.
Whereas anxiously awaiting her visa to the USA, Elisabeth Freund was pressured to work in a laundry on the outskirts of Berlin. She was grateful to not be in a munitions manufacturing unit, since her kids have been in England and she or he didn’t wish to produce the munitions that may hurt them, or in a battery manufacturing unit, which she had heard was harmful and soiled. For backbreaking work on the laundry, single Jewish ladies earned about 14 marks, whereas married ladies earned 12.50 marks weekly. Married ladies whose husbands additionally labored have been docked some pay for being “double earners.”
Then there have been the deportations to focus camps similar to Theresienstadt. These claimed tens of 1000’s of German-Jewish lives through the later years of the battle, in accordance with Kaplan. She has little to say about what went on in locations like that, since presumably most individuals who have been despatched there didn’t survive to put in writing memoirs or letters. She additionally expends little power discussing the broader Jewish Holocaust, which, truthful play to her, is past the scope of her ebook. She does nonetheless cite one supply claiming that as much as 150,000 deported Jews perished, though it’s exhausting to make certain when Kaplan merely supplies earlier than and after figures and expects her readers to attach the dots:
At the same time as Soviet troops started to liberate focus camps within the East, the Germans relentlessly rounded up the remnants of German Jewry, sending them to camps nearer by. Of the 164,000 Jews in Germany in October 1941, one estimate has solely 14,500 left in July 1944, and deportations continued into the spring of 1945.
What number of of those folks escaped through the battle or went into hiding and thus averted being tallied? Who is aware of? Both manner, these deportations have been undoubtedly merciless and tragic, however Kaplan by no means explores why the Germans would resort to such drastic measures to start with. Nor does she ever pose the query of what the Germans have been alleged to do with 164,000 ethnic aliens residing of their midst—a lot of whom have been disloyal to say the least. The Germans have been combating a multi-front battle towards three super-powers who outnumbered them in complete inhabitants rely by greater than five-to-one. They usually have been combating to win. As soon as hostilities commenced, the Nazis needed to have higher management over Jewish emigration. How might they permit a mass, disorderly exodus of Jews which might doubtless contain a good quantity keen to hitch the Reich’s exterior enemies? So, once more, what have been they alleged to do?
Conclusion
I’m not insensate to the plight of German Jewry throughout this time. However what occurred to them was the sort of tragic injustice usually visited upon innocents throughout battle. The higher injustice, nonetheless, was the Allied declaration of battle upon Germany within the first place, which certainly made it a world battle. Kaplan claims that Germany “unleashed the battle” on September 1, 1939. However that’s not true. On this date Germany unleashed a border skirmish towards Poland which was menacing the German inhabitants of Danzig, terrorizing and oppressing its personal German minority, and initiating warlike actions towards Germany—similar to firing upon German civilian airplanes, collaborating behind the scenes with France and England, and ordering minor incursions into Germany territory. And this says nothing of the 58,000 German-Poles the Poles killed as soon as the battle started.
All of this should be weighed into the calculus of ascribing blame after the actual fact. After all, the Germans should not with out blame—throughout battle, who’s? Within the Second World Conflict, all people suffered. However by specializing in the struggling of just one comparatively small group—and ignoring its prodigious sins—whereas denying the very humanity of one other group and focusing solely on its sins, Marion Kaplan reveals herself to be extra of a passive-aggressive polemicist than an trustworthy historian. I’m wondering if she even is aware of the distinction.
Late in her ebook, she writes tellingly concerning the Allied bombing of civilian facilities in Germany:
Though Jews suffered and died within the bombings, these assaults threatened Jewish lives in an arbitrary method; the deportations threatened them in a much more direct and systematic one. Thus, when post-war Germans recalled the Nazi period, they emphasised the horrors of the bombings. Jews, then again, didn’t stress the bombings both throughout or after the battle. They dreaded the Gestapo way more. Freund remarked: “I’m not afraid of the bombings, even when it isn’t precisely nice, and one by no means is aware of whether or not one will survive till the subsequent morning. It is a hazard we . . . share with many tens of millions. . . . We’re solely afraid of the Gestapo.”Most essential for Jews, the bombings held out hope. They have been indicators of a attainable German defeat and the top of the Nazi nightmare.
So Marion Kaplan admits that German Jews have been disloyal throughout a time when Germans have been combating for his or her very survival. From the attitude of a German who needs to win the battle, what do you do with such folks? It is a severe query. What do you do with them?
